PREFACE

NOTES

Part 1

Crime Trends in 2005

Chapter 1

Overview of Penal Code Offenses

Section 1

Principal Data

1	Reported cases and crime rate

2	Persons cleared

3	Clearance rate

Section 2

Trend in Non-traffic Penal Code Offenses Excluding Theft

1

Overview

2

Homicide

3

Robbery

4	Fraud/Extortion

5	Counterfeiting of currency

6	Giving and acceptance of bribes

7	Organized crime

Section 3

Theft

Chapter 2

Overview of Special Act Offenses

Section 1

Principal Data

Section 2

Principal Special Act Offenses

1	Violations of the Minor Offenses Act, etc.

2	Violations of the Child Welfare Act, etc.

3	Violations of the Public Offices Election Act

Section 3

Offenses Related to Newly Established Acts

Chapter 3

Overview of Offenses of Various Types

Section 1

Traffic Offenses

1	Trends in traffic offenses

2	Disposition by public prosecutors offices

3	Disposition by courts

Section 2

Financial and Economic Offenses

1	Tax evasion

2	Economic offenses

3	Financial offenses

4	Bankruptcy-related offenses

5	Newly established act-related offenses

Section 3

High-Technology Offenses

1	Trends in High-Technology Offenses

2	Disposition by public prosecutors offices

Chapter 4

Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries

Section 1

Major Offenses

Section 2

Homicide

Section 3

Theft

Chapter 5

Offenses Committed by and against Japanese Nationals Outside Japan

Section 1

Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside Japan

Section 2

Crime Victimization of Japanese Nationals Outside Japan

Part 2

Treatment of Offenders

Chapter 1

Overview

Chapter 2

Prosecution

Section 1

Reception of Suspected Cases

Section 2

Arrest and Detention of Suspects

Section 3

Dispositions of the Public Prosecutors Office

Chapter 3

Trial

Section 1

Judgments

1	Defendants finally judged

2	The first instance

3

Appeals

Section 2

Sentencing

1	Death penalty and life imprisonment with work

2	Imprisonment with or without work with a definite term

3

Fines

Section 3

Detention and Bail

Chapter 4

Correction of Adult Offenders

Section 1

Imprisonment in Penal Institutions

1	Rate of imprisonment of penal institutions

2	Number of inmates of penal institutions

3	Trend in number of newly admitted inmates

4	Characteristics of newly admitted inmates

Section 2

Treatment of Inmates, etc.

1	Overview of treatment

2

Work

3	Correctional guidance

4	Medical care and hygiene etc.

5	Maintenance of discipline and order

6	Grievance systems

7	Cooperation from volunteers outside

8	Fine defaulters in workhouses

Section 3

Treatment of Untried Inmates

Section 4

Treatment in Women's Guidance Homes

Chapter 5

Rehabilitation Services

Section 1

Parole

1	Number of parole applications

2	Number of parolees

3	Proportion of served sentence terms before parole

4	Parole of life imprisonment inmates

Section 2

Probation and Parole Supervision

1	Probationers and parolees under supervision

2	Treatment for probationers and parolees

3	Measures for probationers and parolees

4	Termination of probationary supervision

Section 3

Assistance during Supervision and Urgent Aftercare of Discharged Offenders

1	Assistance during supervision and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders

2	Halfway houses

Section 4

Amnesties

Section 5

Nongovernmental Support Organizations

1	BBS associations

2	Women's Association for Rehabilitation Aid

3	Cooperative employers

Chapter 6

International Cooperation in Criminal Justice

Section 1

Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice

1	United Nations

2	Summit meetings of leading countries

3

Others

Section 2

Transnational Fugitives and Their Extradition

1	Transnational fugitives from Japan

2	Extradition of fugitive offenders

Section 3

International Assistance in Investigation and Justice

1	Assistance in investigation etc.

2	Judicial assistance

Part 3

Trends in Offenses by Specific Offenders and Their Treatment

Chapter 1

Foreign National Offenders

Section 1

Trends of Foreign Nationals Entering Japan

1	Newly entering foreign nationals

2	Foreign nationals who are illegally overstaying

3	Deportation

Section 2

Trends in Crimes

1	Penal code offenses

2	Special act offenses

Section 3

Treatment

1	Disposition by public prosecutors offices

2	Disposition by courts

3	Correction

4	Probation and parole supervision

Chapter 2

Offenders related to Boryokudan (Organized Crime Groups)

Section 1

Trends in Organization

Section 2

Trends in Crimes

1	Penal code offenses and special act offenses

2	Firearm offenses

Section 3

Treatment

1	Dispositions by public prosecutors offices

2	Correction

3	Probation and parole supervision

Chapter 3

Drug Offenders

Section 1

Trends in Crimes

1	Stimulants Control Act violations

2	Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act violations, etc.

3	Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations

Section 2

Crackdown

1	Seizure of stimulants, etc.

2	Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics

Section 3

Treatment

1	Disposition by public prosecutors offices

2	Disposition by courts

3	Correction

4	Probation and parole supervision

Chapter 4

Offenders with Mental Disorder

Section 1

Trends in Crimes

Section 2

Criminal Proceedings

1	Disposition by public prosecutors office and courts

2	Correction

3	Probation and parole supervision

Section 3

Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Insane Persons or Persons with Diminished Capacity Who Have Caused Serious Injury to Others

1	Hearings pertaining to public prosecutor's application

2	Medical care by hospitalization

3	Hearings pertaining to discharge or continuation of hospitalization

4	Treatment in local communities

Chapter 5

Repeat Offenders

Section 1

Clearance

1	Repeat offenders among persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses

2	Previously convicted persons among adult offenders cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses

Section 2

Public Prosecution and Trial

1	Previously convicted persons among those prosecuted

2	Revocation of suspension of execution of sentence

Section 3

Correction

Section 4

Probation and Parole Supervision

Part 4

Trends in Juvenile Delinquency and Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents

Chapter 1

Trends in Juvenile Delinquency

Section 1

Juvenile Penal Code Offenders

1	Number of juveniles cleared

2	Trends by attribute

3	Trend in type of offense

4	Complicity cases

Section 2

Juvenile Special Act Offenders

1	Number of juveniles referred by the police

2	Drug offenses

3	Traffic offenses

Section 3

Juveniles of Illegal Behavior under 14 Years of Age

Section 4

Pre-delinquents

Section 5

Delinquency at Home and School

1	Juvenile violence in families

2	Violence in schools

Chapter 2

Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents

Section 1

Overview

1	Flow of treatment procedure until referred to a family court

2	Flow of treatment procedure at a family court

3	Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to protective measures

4	Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to criminal disposition

Section 2

Disposition of Juvenile Cases by Public Prosecutors Offices and Courts

1	Disposition by public prosecutors offices

2	Juvenile hearing

3	Criminal trial

Section 3

Classification at Juvenile Classification Homes

1	Admission and discharge

2	Classification activities

Section 4

Treatment of Delinquents in Juvenile Training Schools

1	Juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools

2	Treatment of juveniles in juvenile training schools

3	Juveniles who are discharged

Section 5

Treatment of Juvenile Prisoners

1	Number and characteristics of juvenile prisoners

2	Outline of treatment of juvenile prisoners

Section 6

Probationary Supervision for Juveniles

1	Juvenile probationers/juvenile training school parolees

2

Treatment

3	Termination of probationary supervision

Part 5

Crime Victims

Chapter 1

Damage by Crime in Official Statistics

Section 1

Number of Offenses Involving Human Victims

Section 2

Fatal and Bodily Damage

Section 3

Property Damage

Section 4

Relationship between Victims and Suspects

Section 5

Juvenile Crime Victims

1	Damage by penal code offenses

2	Child abuse

Chapter 2

Consideration for Victims in Criminal Justice

Section 1

Involvement of Victims in Criminal Proceedings

1	Grievance system against non-prosecution

2	Protection, etc. of victims in formal trials

3	System of notification to complainants and victims

4	Enhancement of consideration for victims in juvenile cases

5	Advisers to Victims

Section 2

Compensation for Crime Victims, etc.

1	Crime victim benefits system

2	Benefits for recovery from damage

3	Automobile liability insurance systems

Part 6

New Trends of Criminal Policy

Chapter 1

Introduction

1	Crime trend and growing public anxiety

2	Measures related to restoration of public safety

3	Reform of the judicial system and criminal policy

4	Aims of this special article

Chapter 2

Analysis of Recent Criminal Trends

Section 1

Trends in Number of Reported Cases for Non-Traffic Penal Code Offenses

1	Reported cases for non-traffic penal code offenses

2	Reported cases for theft by type and modus operandi

3	Reported cases for non-traffic penal code offenses excluding theft

Section 2

Trends in Number of Cleared Persons for Non-Traffic Penal Code Offenses

1	Trends in the number of persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses

2	Trends by type of offenders

Section 3

Social Background and Public Awareness

1	Criminal trend and social background

2	Criminal trend and changes in public awareness

Chapter 3

Trends of Criminal Policy

Section 1

"Action Program to Create a Crime-Resistant Society," etc.

1	Action Program to Create a Crime-Resistant Society

2

Others

Section 2

Crime Prevention Activities in Local Communities

1	Crime prevention activities in local communities

2	Movement for a Brighter Society

Section 3

Recent Trends of Legislation

1	The Act for Partial Amendment to the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 156 of 2004)

2	The Act for Partial Amendment to the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 66 of 2005)

3	The Act for Partial Amendment to the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 36 of 2006)

4	The Bill on Partial Amendment to the Penal Code and Other Acts in Response to Globalizing and Organized Crimes and Advanced Information Processing

5	The Bill on Partial Amendment to the Juvenile Act, etc.

6	The Basic Act on Crime Victims (Act No. 161 of 2004) and the Basic Plan for Crime Victims

7	The Act for Partial Amendment to the Anti-organized Crime Act (Act No. 86 of 2006) and the Act on State Compensation for the Victims of Crime etc. with Damaged Property, etc. (Act No. 87 of 2006)

8	The Act on Penal Institutions and Treatment of Inmates, etc.

9	The Act for Partial Amendment to the Act for Probationary Supervision of Offenders Given Suspension of Execution of Sentence (Act No. 15 of 2006)

10	The Act for Partial Amendment to the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (Act No. 43 of 2006)

Section 4

Enhancement of Inmate Treatment

1	Trend of accommodation in penal institutions

2	Efforts for solving problems of overcrowding, etc.

3	Enhancement of inmate treatment

4	Other measures to prevent repeat offenses

Section 5

Reform of the Rehabilitation System

1	Problems of the rehabilitation system and its reform

2	Recommendations

3	Efforts for reform

Section 6

Promotion of Measures against Illegal Entry and Illegal Overstay, etc.

1	Background of efforts for measures against illegal entry and illegal overstay, etc.

2	Outline of efforts for measures against illegal entry and illegal overstay, etc.

Chapter 4

Present Situation of Sexual Offenses and Countermeasures

Section 1

Outline of Sexual Offenses

1	Trends in sexual offenses

2	Sexual offenses targeting minors

3	Sex offenders seen from the viewpoint of the number of cleared persons

4	Conclusion

Section 2

Reality of Sex Offenders and Repeat Offenses

1	Reality of sex offenders

2	Repeat offenses by sex offenders

3	Reality of sexual offenses targeting minors

Section 3

Outline of Criminal Disposition for Sex Offenders

1	Prosecution

2

Trial

Section 4

Sex Offender Treatment Programs

1	Correction

2	Probationary supervision

Section 5

Trends in Sexual Offenses and Countermeasures in Foreign Countries

1

France

2

Germany

3

The U.K.

4

Canada

5	The United States of America

Chapter 5

Reform of the Judicial System

Section 1

Enhancement and Speeding-up of Criminal Trials

1	Pre-trial Arrangement Procedure

2	Speedy Trial Procedure

Section 2

Development of the State-Appointed Defense Counsel System

Section 3

Amendment of the Act on the Committees for the Inquest of Prosecution

Section 4

Enforcement of the Comprehensive Legal Aid Services Act

Section 5

Saiban-in System

1	Act on Participation of Saiban-ins in Criminal Trials

2	Trend of cases to be covered by Saiban-in trials

Section 6

Problems and Measures for Implementing Saiban-in System

1

Problems

2	Measures to make the general public's participation as a Saiban-in easier

3	Conclusion

Chapter 6

Conclusion

1	New moves related to criminal policy

2	Recent criminal trend and the general public's concern

3	Desirable future criminal policy

(1)	Restoration of crime deterrent force in local communities

(2)	Establishment of effective measures to prevent repeat offenses

(3)	Protection of crime victims' rights

4	Measures for judicial system reform

5	Direction that criminal policy should take

Appendix

Appendix 1-1  Number of reported cases, crime rate, number of cleared cases, clearance rate, and number of persons cleared for penal code offenses (1946-2005)

Appendix 1-2  Number of reported cases, number of cleared cases, and number of persons cleared for penal code offenses, by type of major offense (1996-2005)

Appendix 1-3  Clearance rate of penal code offenses, by type of major offense (1996-2005)

Appendix 1-4  Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors offices for special act offenses (1996-2005)

Appendix 1-5  Number of traffic accidents, number of persons killed or injured, and rate of accidents(1946-2005)

Appendix 1-6  Term of imprisonment with labor sentenced for financial and economic offenses in the court of first instance (2003-2005)

Appendix 1-7  Number of reported cases and crime rate of major offenses in 5 countries (1980-2004)

Appendix 1-8  Number of reported cases and crime rate of homicide and theft in 5 countries (1988-2004)

Appendix 1-9  Clearance rate of major offenses, homicide and theft in 5 countries (1988-2004)

Appendix 2-1  Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors offices, by type of offense (2001-2005)

Appendix 2-2  Number of persons finally disposed by public prosecutors, by type of offense (1996-2005)

Appendix 2-3  Prosecution rate and suspended prosecution rate, by type of offense (2000-2005)

Appendix 2-4  Sentences in district courts, by type of offense (2005)

Appendix 2-5  Average daily number of inmates of penal institutions (1950-2005)

Appendix 2-6  Number of newly admitted inmates, by sex and type of offense (2005)

Appendix 2-7  Number of reimprisoned inmates, by sex and type of offense (2005)

Appendix 2-8  Frequency of imprisonment of newly admitted inmates, by type of offense (2005)

Appendix 2-9  Period of time until repeat offense by reimprisoned inmates, by type of previous offense (2005)

Appendix 2-10  Number of inmates serving sentence of imprisonment with work at the end of the year, by term of imprisonment (as of December 31 each year in 1957-2005)

Appendix 2-11  Numbers of parole applications, grants, and rejections (1949-2005)

Appendix 2-12  Number of newly received probationers and parolees (1949-2005)

Appendix 3-1  Number of cleared cases and persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980-2005)

Appendix 3-2  Number of referred cases and number of persons referred for special act offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980-2005)

Appendix 3-3  Number of foreign nationals finally disposed by public prosecutors office (1990-2005)

Appendix 3-4  Newly admitted Class F inmates by nationality and region (2003-2005)

Appendix 3-5  Number of foreign probationers and parolees by nationality and type of probation/parolee (As of December 31, 2003-2005)

Appendix 3-6  Number of persons finally disposed by public prosecutors for drug offenses (1996-2005)

Appendix 3-7  Number of insane persons and persons with diminished capacity, by type of offense and by type of mental disorders (2005)

Appendix 4-1  Number and rate per population of juveniles and adults cleared for penal code offenses, and juvenile rate (1946-2005)

Appendix 4-2  Number and rate per population of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses (1966-2005)

Appendix 4-3  Number of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses, by age group, type of offense and sex (2005)

Appendix 4-4  Number of juveniles cleared for penal code offenses, by major type of offenses (1946-2005)

Appendix 4-5  Number of juveniles referred from police to public prosecutors office for special act offenses, by type of offense (1956-2005)

Appendix 4-6  Number of juveniles of illegal behavior guided for non-traffic penal code offenses, by major delinquency (1946-2005)

Appendix 4-7  Number of status offenders finally disposed by family court, by type of status offense (1969-2005)

Appendix 4-8  Number of juvenile offenders aged 14-19 newly received by public prosecutors offices, by type of offense and age group (2000-2005)

Appendix 4-9  Percent ratio of opinions by public prosecutors and final dispositions by family courts, by age group of juvenile offenders (2005)

Appendix 4-10  Number of juveniles finally disposed by family courts for juvenile cases (1975, 1985, 2001-2005)

Appendix 4-11  Number of newly admitted persons and average daily number of inmates in juvenile classification homes (1949-2005)

Appendix 4-12  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools, by sex and treatment programs (1949-2005)

Appendix 4-13  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools, by type of delinquency (1999-2005)