WHITE PAPER ON CRIME 2011
— Picture of Juvenile and Young Offenders and Preventive Measures against their Reoffending —
PART 1 Crime Trends in 2010
Chapter 1 Penal Code Offenses
1 Reported cases and crime rate
2 Persons cleared
3 Clearance rate
Section 2 Non-traffic Penal Code Offenses
1 Theft
2 Non-traffic penal code offenses excluding theft
Chapter 2 Special Act Offenses
1 Public security
2 Environment/public morals
3 Child Welfare Act violations, etc.
4 Anti-Stalking Act violations, etc.
5 Public Offices Election Act violations
Chapter 3 Various Types of Offenses
Section 1 Traffic Offenses
1 Trends in traffic offenses
2 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
3 Disposition in courts
Section 2 Financial and Economic Offenses
1 Tax related offenses
2 Economic offenses
3 Intellectual property related offenses
Section 3 High-Technology Offenses
1 Trends in high-technology offenses
2 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
Chapter 5 Offenses Committed by and against Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan
PART 2 Treatment of Offenders
1 Procedure in public prosecutors offices
2 Procedure in courts
3 Treatment through the correction procedure
4 Treatment through the rehabilitation procedure
Chapter 2 Prosecution
Chapter 3 Trial
Section 2 Court of First Instance
1 Conclusive dispositions
2 Sentencing
3 Pretrial arrangement proceeding
4 Speedy trial procedure
5 Detention and bail
Section 1 Imprisonment in Penal Institutions
1 Number of inmates in penal institutions
2 Occupancy rate of penal institutions
3 Number of new inmates
4 Characteristics of new inmates
Section 2 Treatment of Inmates, etc.
1 Overview of treatment
2 Work
3 Correctional guidance
4 Provision of information regarding the release, etc. of inmates
Section 3 Administration of Penal Institutions
1 Penal Institution Visiting Committee
2 Provision of food, medical care, health guards, etc.
3 Private sector cooperation
4 Maintenance of discipline and order
5 Appeal system
1 Parole examination
2 Number of parolees
3 Rate of served terms of imprisonment
4 Life imprisonment inmates granted release on parole
1 Number of probationers/parolees
2 Treatment of probationers/parolees
3 Measures for probationers/parolees
4 Termination of probation/parole supervision
Section 3 Urgent Aftercare of Discharged Offenders
1 Urgent aid, etc. and aftercare of discharged offenders
2 Halfway houses
Section 5 Volunteer Probation Officers, Private Supporters/Support Organizations, and Crime Prevention Activities
1 Volunteer probation officers
2 Private supporters/support organizations
3 Crime prevention activities
Chapter 6 International Cooperation in Criminal Justice
1 Measures against transnational organized crime and terrorism
2 Measures against drug-related crimes
3 Measures against money laundering
4 Measures against crimes against children
5 Measures against bribery and corruption
6 Measures against cybercrime
7 The International Criminal Court
Section 2 Transnational Fugitives, their Extradition, and Transfer of Sentenced Persons
1 Transnational fugitives from Japan
2 Extradition of fugitives
3 Transfer of sentenced persons
Section 3 Mutual Legal/Judicial Assistance in Criminal Matters
1 Assistance in investigations
2 Judicial assistance
Section 4 Cooperation in Training and Legal System Development Support in Criminal Justice
1 Cooperation in training at UNAFEI
2 Technical assistance in the legal field
PART 3 Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents
Chapter 1 Protective Procedures for Juveniles
1 Procedure until referral to a family court
2 Procedure in a family court
3 Procedure for protective measures
Section 2 Disposition of Juvenile Cases at Public Prosecutors Offices/Courts
1 Public prosecutors offices (until referral to a family court)
2 Family courts
Section 3 Classification in Juvenile Classification Homes
1 Admission and discharge
2 Classification activities
Section 4 Treatment at Juvenile Training Schools
1 Juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools
2 Treatment provided at juvenile training schools
3 Discharged juveniles
1 Juvenile probationers/parolees
2 Treatment of juvenile probationers/parolees
3 Measures for juvenile probationers/parolees
4 Termination of probation/parole supervision for juveniles
Chapter 2 Criminal Proceedings of Juveniles
Section 1 Overview
1 Prosecution and criminal trials
2 Execution of sentence
3 Parole
Section 2 Prosecution and Criminal Trials
1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
2 Sentencing in a court of first instance
PART 4 Trends in Offenses by Specific Types of Offenders and Their Treatment
Chapter 1 Foreign National Offenders
Section 1 Foreign Nationals Residing in Japan
1 New foreign national entrants
2 Foreign nationals illegally overstaying
3 Deportation
Section 2 Trends in Offenses
1 Penal code offenses
2 Special act offenses
Section 3 Treatment
1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
2 Disposition in courts
3 Correction
4 Probation/parole supervision
Section 4 Trends and Treatment of Foreign National Juvenile Delinquents
1 Trends in foreign national juvenile offenders
2 Treatment of foreign national juvenile delinquents
Chapter 2 Offenders Belonging to Organized Crime Groups
Section 2 Trends in Offenses
1 Persons cleared
2 Firearm offenses
Section 3 Treatment
1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
2 Correction
3 Probation/parole supervision
Chapter 3 Drug Offenders
Section 1 Trends in Offenses
1 Stimulants Control Act violations
2 Cannabis Control Act violations, etc.
3 Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations
Section 2 Status of Regulations
1 Seizure of stimulants, etc.
2 Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics
Section 3 Treatment
1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
2 Disposition in courts
3 Correction
4 Probation/parole supervision
Section 2 Treatment
1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices
2 Correction
3 Probation/parole supervision
Chapter 5 Offenders with Mental Disorders
Section 2 Status of Criminal Proceedings
1 Public prosecutors offices/trials
2 Correction
3 Probation/parole supervision
1 Hearings
2 Medical care through hospitalization
3 Discharge or continued hospitalization
4 Treatment within local communities
Chapter 6 Repeat Offenders
Section 1 Clearance
1 Repeat offenders cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses
2 Previously convicted adults cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses
Section 2 Prosecution/Trial
1 Previously convicted persons among those prosecuted
2 Revocation of suspension of execution of the sentence
Section 3 Correction
1 Inmates reimprisoned
2 Reimprisonment of released inmates
3 Employment status
Section 4 Probation/Parole Supervision
1 Status of probationers/parolees
2 Redisposition of probationers/parolees
PART 5 Crime Victims
Section 6 Child Victims
1 Damages from penal code offenses
2 Child abuse
Section 1 Involvement of Victims in Criminal Proceedings
1 Appeal system against non-prosecution
2 Victim participation, etc. in trials
3 Notification system for complainants and victims, etc.
4 Consideration for victims in juvenile cases
5 Victim advisor system
6 Measures for victims in rehabilitation services
7 Crime victim support services by Houterasu
Section 2 Compensation Systems for Crime Victims, etc.
1 Crime victim benefits system
2 Payment system for benefits for recovery from damage
3 Damage recovery benefit system
4 Automobile liability security system
5 Protection of human trafficking victims
Section 1 Introduction
1 Reformations based on recommendations made by the Justice System Reform Council
2 Preparation of penal statute reflecting changes in crime trends
3 Treatment of offenders
4 Measures for crime victims, etc.
5 Legislation for juveniles
6 Formulation of action programs
7 Reform of prosecutory function
Section 2 Lay Judge System
1 Overview of lay judge system
2 Implementation status of lay judge system
Chapter 2 Trends with Juvenile/Young Offenders
Section 1 Guidance/Clearance
1 Penal code offenses
2 Special act offenses
3 Pre-delinquents
4 Delinquency at home and at school
Section 2 Prosecution/Trial
1 Reception and disposition in public prosecutors offices
2 Conclusive disposition in family courts
3 Prosecution in public prosecutors offices
4 Criminal trials
Section 3 Correction
1 Juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools and new inmates in penal institutions
2 Type of delinquency/offense
3 Term of imprisonment
4 Residential status
5 Educational/employment status
6 Association with delinquent groups
7 Guardians/places to return to
8 Reason for release
Section 4 Probation/Parole Supervision
1 Trends with juvenile/young probationers/parolees
2 Characteristics of juvenile/young probationers/parolees
3 Revocation of probation of young probationers
Section 5 Trends with Repeat Delinquencies/Offenses by Juveniles/Young People
1 Repeat delinquencies by juveniles
2 History of protective measures with juveniles/young people placed under protective measures
3 Readmission/imprisonment of juveniles discharged from juvenile training schools
4 Reimprisonment of young released inmates
5 Redisposition of juvenile/young probationers/parolees
6 Protective measure histories of young new inmates
Section 1 General Situation of Research Subjects
1 Attributes of research subjects
2 Situation while in juvenile training schools and parole supervision
1 Criminal punishment status
2 Situation with offenses
1 Analysis of the subjects by history of protective measures and living status, etc.
2 Analysis of juvenile delinquencies
3 Analysis of the status after discharge from juvenile training schools
Section 1 Outline of Survey
1 Survey subjects
2 Outline of survey
1 Self-awareness
2 Moral awareness
3 Degree of satisfaction with relationships with friends
4 Understanding of parents’ attitudes toward juvenile delinquents/young offenders
5 Degree of satisfaction with family life
6 Attitudes toward school life
7 Attitudes toward work
8 Attitudes toward community
9 Degree of satisfaction with society
1 Understanding of the causes of delinquencies/offenses
2 Understanding of causes by problem field
3 Awareness of the level of disposition and attitudes after the disposition
4 Awareness of what were useful of receiving dispositions
5 Awareness of causes for repeat delinquencies/offenses
6 Understanding of mental restraints
7 Understanding of requirements in future life and rehabilitation
1 Case that reformation/rehabilitation was achieved through stable employment and improved relationships with friends
2 Case of reformation/rehabilitation achieved through strengthened family functions
3 Case of reformation/rehabilitation achieved through establishment of constructive life goals and acquisition of basic attitudes required in leading a social life
4 Case of reformation/rehabilitation achieved through reestablishment of relationship of mutual trust with adults and restored self-respect
Section 1 Trends in Recent Delinquencies/Offenses by Juvenile/Young Offenders
1 Current status and issues with juvenile delinquencies
2 Current status and issues with offenses by young offenders
3 Problems during the transition period from juveniles to young people
Section 2 Enhanced Treatment for Juvenile Delinquents/Young Offenders
1 Treatment to develop greater moral awareness, to raise their motivation to be rehabilitated, and to correct dispositional problems
2 Guidance/assistance in securing and maintaining employment
3 Support to break associations with delinquent friends and establish new interpersonal relationships
4 Enhanced supervision/custody by family and complementary support
5 Consistency in treatment
6 Treatment to solve multiple/complex problems of the offenders and cooperation with relevant institutions
Appendix
Appendix 1-1 Number of reported cases, crime rate, number of cleared cases, clearance rate, and number of persons cleared for penal code offenses (1946-2010)
Appendix 1-2 Number of reported cases, cleared cases, and persons cleared for penal code offenses by type of offense (2001-2010)
Appendix 1-3 Clearance rate for penal code offenses by type of offense (2001-2010)
Appendix 1-4 Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors for special act offenses by type of offense (2001-2010)
Appendix 1-5 Number of traffic accidents and persons killed or injured, and rate of death/injury, etc. (1946-2010)
Appendix 1-6 Sentencing of imprisonment with work for financial and economic offenses in a court of first instance (2008-2010)
Appendix 1-7 Number of reported cases and crime rate for major offenses in each country (1990-2009)
Appendix 1-8 Number of reported cases and crime rate for homicide and theft in each country (1990-2009)
Appendix 1-9 Clearance rate for major offenses, homicide, and theft in each country
Appendix 2-1 Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors by type of offense (2006-2010)
Appendix 2-2 Number of persons conclusively disposed in public prosecutors offices by type of offense and type of disposition (2001-2010)
Appendix 2-3 Prosecution rate and suspended prosecution rate by type of offense (2006-2010)
Appendix 2-4 Sentencing of death penalty and imprisonment with or without work in district courts by type of offense (2010)
Appendix 2-5 Average daily number of persons imprisoned in penal institutions (1950-2010)
Appendix 2-6 Number of new inmates by type of offense and gender (2010)
Appendix 2-7 Number of inmates reimprisoned by type of offense and gender (2010)
Appendix 2-8 Number of new inmates by history of imprisonment and type of offense (2010)
Appendix 2-9 Number of inmates reimprisoned by repeat offense period and type of previous offense (2010)
Appendix 2-10 Number of inmates sentenced to imprisonment with work at the end of each year by term of imprisonment (1957-2010)
Appendix 2-11 Number of persons for whom parole examinations were instigated or parole was granted, etc. (1949-2010)
Appendix 2-12 Number of persons newly placed under probation/parole supervision (1949-2010)
Appendix 2-13 Number of persons newly placed under probation/parole supervision by type of offense and gender (2010)
Appendix 3-1 Number of juvenile offenders newly received by public prosecutors by type of offense and age group (2006-2010)
Appendix 3-2 Percent distribution of opinions by public prosecutors and conclusive dispositions in family courts by age group (2010)
Appendix 3-3 Number of juveniles conclusively disposed in family courts for juvenile protection cases by type of delinquency and type of disposition (2010)
Appendix 3-4 Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile classification homes and average daily number of juveniles in juvenile classification homes by gender (1949-2010)
Appendix 3-5 Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools by gender and type of treatment program (1949-2010)
Appendix 3-6 Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools by type of delinquency (2002-2010)
Appendix 4-1 Number of cases and persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980-2010)
Appendix 4-2 Number of cases and persons referred to public prosecutors for special act offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980-2010)
Appendix 4-3 Number of foreign nationals conclusively disposed in public prosecutors offices (1991-2010)
Appendix 4-4 Number of visiting foreign nationals conclusively disposed in public prosecutors offices by type of offense (2010)
Appendix 4-5 Number of new Class F inmates by nationality, etc. (2008-2010)
Appendix 4-6 Number of foreign nationals newly placed under probation/parole supervision by nationality, etc. (2008-2010)
Appendix 4-7 Number of persons conclusively disposed in public prosecutors offices for Stimulants Control Act violations, etc. (2001-2010)
Appendix 5-1 Application for and payment of crime victim benefits (FY 1998-2010)
Appendix 6-1 Chronological Table of “Criminal Justice System Reform”
Appendix 7-1 Number of juveniles and adults cleared for penal code offenses, rate per population, and juvenile rate (1946-2010)
Appendix 7-2 Number of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses and rate per population by age group (1966-2010)
Appendix 7-3 Number of juveniles cleared for penal code offenses by type of offense
Appendix 7-4 Number of juvenile offenders under 14 guided by the police for non-traffic penal code offenses by type of delinquency (1946-2010)
Appendix 7-5 Number of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses by gender, age group, and type of offense (2010)
Appendix 7-6 Number of juveniles referred to public prosecutors for special act offenses by type of offense (1956-2010)
Appendix 7-7 Number of pre-delinquents conclusively disposed in family courts by type of pre-delinquency (1969-2010)