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White paper on crime 2009 — Enhancement of Measures to Prevent Repeat Offenses — PREFACE NOTES Part 1 Crime Trends in 2008 Chapter 1 Penal Code Offenses     Section 1 Principal Data         1 Reported cases and crime rate         2 Persons cleared         3 Clearance rate     Section 2 Non-traffic Penal Code Offenses         1 Theft         2 Non-traffic penal code offenses excluding theft Chapter 2 Special Act Offenses     Section 1 Principal Data     Section 2 Major Special Act Offenses         1 Violations of the Minor Offenses Act, etc.         2 Violations of the Waste Management Act, etc.         3 Violations of the Child Welfare Act, etc.         4 Violations of the Stalker Control Act, etc.         5 Violations of the Public Offices Election Act Chapter 3 Offenses of Various Types     Section 1 Traffic Offenses         1 Trends in traffic offenses         2 Disposition in public prosecutors offices         3 Disposition in courts     Section 2 Financial and Economic Offenses         1 Tax related offenses         2 Economic offenses         3 Financial offenses         4 Intellectual property-related offenses         5 Bankruptcy-related offenses         6 Recent amendments     Section 3 High-Technology Offenses         1 Trends in high-technology offenses         2 Disposition in public prosecutors offices Chapter 4 Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries     Section 1 Major Offenses     Section 2 Homicide     Section 3 Theft Chapter 5 Offenses Committed by and against Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan     Section 1 Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan     Section 2 Offenses Committed against Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan Part 2 Treatment of Offenders Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 Prosecution     Section 1 Reception of Suspected Cases     Section 2 Arrest and Detention of Suspects     Section 3 Disposition in Public Prosecutors Offices Chapter 3 Trial     Section 1 Final Judgments         1 Defendants with a final judgment         2 The first instance         3 Appeals     Section 2 Sentencing         1 Death penalty and life imprisonment with work         2 Imprisonment with or without work for a limited term         3 Fine     Section 3 Detention and Bail Chapter 4 Correction of Adult Offenders     Section 1 Imprisonment in Penal Institutions         1 Number of persons imprisoned in penal institutions         2 Occupancy rate and over-occupancy in penal institutions         3 Number of new inmates         4 Characteristics of new inmates     Section 2 Administration, etc. of Penal Institutions         1 Penal Institution Visiting Committee         2 Serving of food, medical care, health, etc.         3 Cooperation of private sector         4 Maintenance of discipline and order         5 Appeal system     Section 3 Treatment of Inmates, etc.         1 Overview of treatment         2 Work         3 Correctional guidance         4 Provision of information in regard to the release, etc. of inmates     Section 4 Treatment of Presentenced Inmates, etc.     Section 5 Penal Institutions Utilizing PFI Method Chapter 5 Rehabilitation Services     Section 1 Parole         1 Number of persons for whom parole examinations were instigated         2 Number of parolees         3 Rate of served imprisonment terms         4 Parole of life imprisonment inmates     Section 2 Probation/Parole Supervision         1 Probationers/parolees         2 Treatment of probationers/parolees         3 Measures for probationers/parolees         4 Termination of probation / parole supervision, etc.     Section 3 Urgent Aid, etc. and Urgent Aftercare of Discharged Offenders         1 Urgent aid, etc. and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders         2 Halfway houses     Section 4 Pardons     Section 5 Volunteer Probation Officers, Private Supporters/Support Organizations, and Crime Prevention Activities         1 Volunteer probation officers         2 Private supporters/support organizations         3 Crime prevention activities Chapter 6 International Cooperation in Criminal Justice     Section 1 Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice         1 Measures against transnational organized crimes and terrorism         2 Measures against drug-related crime         3 Measures against money laundering         4 Measures against crimes involving children         5 Measures against bribery and corruption         6 Measures against cybercrime         7 Transfer of sentenced persons         8 The International Criminal Court     Section 2 Transnational Fugitives and Their Extradition         1 Transnational fugitives from Japan         2 Extradition of fugitive offenders     Section 3 International Assistance in Investigations and Justice         1 Assistance in investigations, etc.         2 Judicial assistance     Section 4 Cooperation in Training and Legal System Development Support, etc. in Criminal Justice         1 Cooperation in training, etc. at UNAFEI         2 Legal system development support Part 3 Trends in Offenses by Specific Offenders and Their Treatment Chapter 1 Foreign National Offenders     Section 1 Trends among Foreign Nationals Residing in Japan         1 Foreign nationals newly entered         2 Foreign nationals illegally overstaying         3 Deportation     Section 2 Trends in Offenses         1 Penal code offenses         2 Special act offenses     Section 3 Treatment         1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices         2 Disposition in courts         3 Correction         4 Probation/parole supervision Chapter 2 Offenders Associated with Boryokudan (Organized Crime Groups)     Section 1 Trends in Boryokudan Members     Section 2 Trends in Offenses         1 Persons cleared         2 Firearm offenses     Section 3 Treatment         1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices         2 Correction         3 Probation/parole supervision Chapter 3 Drug Offenders     Section 1 Trends in Offenses         1 Stimulants Control Act violations         2 Cannabis Control Act violations, etc.         3 Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations     Section 2 Status of Regulation         1 Seizure of stimulants, etc.         2 Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics     Section 3 Treatment         1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices         2 Disposition in courts         3 Correction         4 Probation/parole supervision Chapter 4 Elderly Offenders     Section 1 Trends in Offenses     Section 2 Treatment         1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices         2 Correction         3 Probation/parole supervision Chapter 5 Offenders with Mental Disorders     Section 1 Trends in Offenses     Section 2 Status of Criminal Proceedings         1 Disposition in public prosecutors offices and courts         2 Correction         3 Probation/parole supervision     Section 3 The Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Insane Persons, etc.         1 Hearing         2 Medical care by hospitalization         3 Discharge or continuation of hospitalization         4 Treatment in local communities Part 4 Trends in Juvenile Delinquency and Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents Chapter 1 Trends in Juvenile Delinquency     Section 1 Penal Code Offences Committed by Juveniles         1 Juveniles cleared         2 Trends by attribute         3 Trends by type of offense         4 Complicity cases     Section 2 Special Act Offences Committed by Juveniles         1 Number of juveniles referred to public prosecutors offices         2 Drug offenses         3 Traffic offenses     Section 3 Pre-delinquents     Section 4 Delinquency at Home and at School         1 Domestic violence         2 School violence         3 Bullying and delinquency Chapter 2 Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents     Section 1 Overview         1 Flow of procedure until referral to a family court         2 Flow of family court procedure         3 Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to protective measures         4 Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to criminal dispositions     Section 2 Disposition of Juvenile Cases in Public Prosecutors Offices and Courts         1 Public prosecutors offices (until referral to family courts)         2 Family courts         3 Criminal trials     Section 3 Classification in Juvenile Classification Homes         1 Admission and discharge         2 Classification activities     Section 4 Treatment at Juvenile Training Schools         1 Juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools         2 Treatment at juvenile training schools         3 Discharged juveniles     Section 5 Treatment of Juvenile Inmates         1 Status of accommodation and characteristics of new juvenile inmates         2 Overview of treatment of juvenile inmates     Section 6 Probation/Parole Supervision for Juveniles         1 Juvenile probationers/parolees         2 Treatment of juvenile probationers/parolees     Section 7 Trends and Treatment of Foreign National Juvenile Delinquents         1 Trends in foreign national juvenile offenders         2 Treatment of foreign national juvenile delinquents Part 5 Crime Victims Chapter 1 Official Statistics on Damage Caused by Crime     Section 1 Number of Cases Involving Human Victims     Section 2 Bodily Damage     Section 3 Property Damage     Section 4 Damage Caused by Sex Offenses     Section 5 Relationship between Victims and Suspects     Section 6 Child Victims         1 Damages for penal code offenses         2 Child abuse Chapter 2 Consideration for Victims in Criminal Justice     Section 1 Involvement of Victims in Criminal Proceedings         1 Appeal system against non-prosecution         2 Victim participation, etc. in trials         3 Notification to complainants and victims, etc.         4 Enhanced consideration for victims in juvenile cases         5 Victim advisor system         6 Measures for victims, etc. in rehabilitation services         7 Crime victim support services by Houterasu     Section 2 Compensation Systems for Crime Victims, etc.         1 Crime victim benefits system         2 Recovery payment system         3 Damage recovery benefit system         4 Automobile liability security system Part 6 Criminal Justice System Reform     Section 1 Introduction         1 Reform based on recommendations from the Justice System Reform Council         2 Preparation of penal statute reflecting changes in crime trends         3 Treatment of offenders         4 Measures for victims, etc.         5 Legislation for juveniles         6 Formulation of action programs     Section 2 Saiban-in (Lay Judge) System         1 Overview of Saiban-in system         2 Trends in cases subject to Saiban-in trials     Section 3 Court-Appointed Defense Counsel System for Suspects     Section 4 Activities of Houterasu Part 7 Enhancement of Measures to Prevent Repeat Offenses Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Recent Trends, etc. among Repeat Offenders     Section 1 Clearance         1 Repeat offenders cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses         2 Previously convicted adults cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses     Section 2 Prosecution/Trial         1 Previously convicted persons among those prosecuted         2 Sentencing         3 Revocation of suspension of execution of the sentence     Section 3 Correction         1 Reimprisoned inmates         2 Reimprisonment of released inmates         3 Employment status         4 Places to return to on previous release         5 Status of Boryokudan membership     Section 4 Probation/Parole Supervision         1 Status of probationers/parolees         2 Re-disposition, etc. of probationers/parolees     Section 5 Repeat Delinquencies/Offenses by Juveniles         1 Delinquencies by juveniles with delinquent histories         2 History of protective measures among juveniles placed under protective measures         3 Re-admission, etc. of juveniles discharged from juvenile training schools         4 Re-disposition, etc. of juvenile probationers/juvenile training school parolees         5 History of protective measures of inmates Chapter 3 Repeat Offences by Theft/Stimulants Offenders     Section 1 Repeat Offences by Persons Granted Suspension of Execution of the Sentence         1 Outline of research         2 Theft         3 Stimulants     Section 2 Inmates and Repeat Offenses         1 Outline of research         2 Persons imprisoned for theft         3 Persons imprisoned for Stimulants Control Act violations         4 Attitudes toward dispositions in criminal proceedings, etc.     Section 3 Reintegration of Theft/Stimulants Offenders into Society         1 Probationer/parolee stories         2 Volunteer probation officer stories Chapter 4 Preventive Measures against Repeat Offenses: Current Status and New Initiatives     Section 1 Current Status of Preventive Measures against Repeat Offenses         1 Enhancement of treatment according to the problems of inmates/probationers/parolees         2 Enhancement of treatment of juvenile delinquents         3 Support for reintegration of released inmates, etc. into society         4 Cooperation / sharing information with the police     Section 2 New Initiatives for Preventive Measures against Repeat Offenses         1 Further enhancement of treatment for preventing repeat offenses         2 Discussion of new systems for preventing repeat offenses, etc. Chapter 5 Conclusion         1 Summary of the featured article         2 Actual conditions and factors surrounding repeat offenses of theft and Stimulants Control Act violations         3 Desirable preventive measures against repeat offenses Appendix Appendix 1-1  Number of reported cases, crime rate, number of cleared cases, clearance rate, and number of persons cleared for penal code offenses (1946–2008) Appendix 1-2  Number of reported cases, cleared cases, and persons cleared for penal code offenses by type of offense (1999–2008) Appendix 1-3  Clearance rate for penal code offenses by type of offense (1999–2008) Appendix 1-4  Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors offices for special act offenses by type of offense (1999–2008) Appendix 1-5  Number of traffic accidents and persons killed or injured, and rate of death/injury, etc. (1946–2008) Appendix 1-6  Sentencing of imprisonment with work for financial and economic offenses in the court of first instance (2006–2008) Appendix 1-7  Number of reported cases and crime rate for major offenses in each country (1980–2007) Appendix 1-8  Number of reported cases and crime rate for homicide and theft in each country (1988–2007) Appendix 1-9  Clearance rate for major offenses, homicide, and theft in each country (1988–2007) Appendix 2-1  Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors offices by type of offense (2004–2008) Appendix 2-2  Number of persons finally disposed in public prosecutors offices by type of offense and type of disposition (1999–2008) Appendix 2-3  Prosecution rate and suspended prosecution rate by type of offense (2004–2008) Appendix 2-4  Sentencing of death penalty and imprisonment with or without work in district courts by type of offense (2008) Appendix 2-5  Average daily number of persons imprisoned in penal institutions (1950–2008) Appendix 2-6  Number of new inmates by type of offense and sex (2008) Appendix 2-7  Number of reimprisoned inmates by type of offense and sex (2008) Appendix 2-8  Imprisonment history of new inmates by type of offense (2008) Appendix 2-9  Repeat offense period of reimprisoned inmates by type of previous offense (2008) Appendix 2-10  Number of inmates sentenced to imprisonment with work at the end of each year by term of imprisonment (1957–2008) Appendix 2-11 Number of persons for whom parole examinations were instigated or parole was granted, etc. (1949–2008) Appendix 2-12  Number of persons newly placed under probation/parole supervision (1949–2008) Appendix 2-13  Number of persons newly placed under probation/parole supervision by type of offense and sex (2008) Appendix 3-1  Number of cases and persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980–2008) Appendix 3-2  Number of cases and persons referred to public prosecutors offices for special act offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980–2008) Appendix 3-3  Number of foreign nationals finally disposed in public prosecutors offices (1990–2008) Appendix 3-4  Number of visiting foreign national suspects in cases finally disposed in public prosecutors offices, by type of offense (2008) Appendix 3-5  Number of new Class F inmates by nationality, etc. (2006–2008) Appendix 3-6  Number of foreign nationals newly placed under probation/parole supervision by nationality, etc. (2006–2008) Appendix 3-7  Number of persons finally disposed in public prosecutors offices for Stimulants Control Act violations, etc. (1999–2008) Appendix 4-1  Number of juveniles and adults cleared for penal code offenses, rate per population, and juvenile rate (1946–2008) Appendix 4-2  Number of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses and rate per population by age group (1966–2008) Appendix 4-3  Number of juveniles cleared for penal code offenses by type of offense (1946–2008) Appendix 4-4  Number of juveniles of illegal behavior guided by the police for non-traffic penal code offenses by type of delinquency (1946–2008) Appendix 4-5  Number of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses by sex, type of offense, and age group (2008) Appendix 4-6  Number of juveniles referred to public prosecutors offices for special act offenses by type of offense (1956–2008) Appendix 4-7  Number of pre-delinquents finally disposed in family courts (total/females) by type of pre-delinquency (1969–2008) Appendix 4-8  Number of juvenile offenders newly received by public prosecutors offices by type of offense and age group (2003–2008) Appendix 4-9  Percent distribution of opinions by public prosecutors and final dispositions in family courts by age group (2008) Appendix 4-10  Number of juveniles finally disposed in family courts for juvenile protection cases by type of delinquency and type of disposition (1975, 1985, 2004–2008) Appendix 4-11  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile classification homes and average daily number of juvenile inmates by sex (1949–2008) Appendix 4-12  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools by sex and type of treatment program (1949–2008) Appendix 4-13  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools by type of delinquency (2002–2008) Appendix 5-1  Application and payment of crime victim benefits (FY 1998–2008) Appendix 6-1  Chronological Table of “Criminal Justice System Reform” Appendix 6-2  Number of persons finally disposed in the court of first instance for cases subject to Saiban-in trials by type of offense and district court (average of 2004–2008)