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5. Measures against bribery and corruption
(1) Measures taken by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
The Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was adopted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1997. In Japan, as a national collateral act to this convention, the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (Act No. 47 of 1993) was amended in 1998 to criminalize the act of providing unlawful profit to a foreign public official, etc. This amendment has been in force since 1999.
(2) Measures taken by the U.N.
The U.N. adopted the U.N. Convention against Corruption in 2003 that requires each country to criminalize bribery of foreign public officials, etc. and provides a framework for recovery of proceeds gained by corruption to the country from which they originated (Japan has not concluded this yet).
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