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White paper on crime 2002

Present Situation and Trend of Offenses of Violent Nature

PREFACE

NOTES

Part 1Crime Trends in 2001

Chapter 1Overview of Crimes
    Section 1Overview of Penal Code Offenses
        1Outline
        2Trends in general penal code offenses excluding larceny
        3Trends in larceny
        4Trends, etc. in peculiar penal code offenses
    Section 2Overview of Special Law Offenses
        1Outline
        2Trends in special law offenses
    Section 3Traffic Offenses
        1Trends in traffic offenses
        2Disposition and treatment of traffic-related offenders
    Section 4Drug Offenses
        1Trends in drug offenses
        2Crackdown status of drug offenses
        3Treatment of drug offenders
    Section 5Financial and Economic Offenses
        1Tax evasion offenses
        2Economic offenses
        3Other economic offenses
    Section 6Election-Related Offenses
        1Trends in offenses related to elections
        2Trends in the application of the regulation holding a candidate jointly responsible
    Section 7High-Technology Related Offenses
        1Trends in high-technology related offenses and disposition by public prosecutors offices and courts
        2Measures against high-technology related offenses and characteristics of recent criminal techniques
    Section 8Firearm Offenses
        1Trends in firearm offenses
        2Disposition by public prosecutors offices and courts on Firearms and Swords Control Law violations
Chapter 2Trends in Offenses by Specific Offenders
    Section 1Offenses by Organized Crime Groups
        1Trends in organized crime groups
        2Trends in offenses by organized crime groups
        3Treatment of organized crime group members
    Section 2Offenses by Foreign Nationals
        1Trends in the number of foreign nationals who newly entered Japan
        2Trends in crimes by visiting foreign nationals
        3Treatment of offenders who are visiting foreign nationals
        4Correction and rehabilitation of foreign offenders
    Section 3Offenses by Public Officials
        1Overview
        2Graft and bribery
        3Others
    Section 4Offenses by Mentally Disabled Persons
        1Trends in offenses committed by mentally disabled persons, etc.
        2Type of offense which insane persons or quasi-insane persons committed and type of mental disability from which they suffered
        3The mentally disabled in correctional institutions
        4Others
Chapter 3Offenses Committed by Offenders with Criminal Histories
    Section 1Offenses Committed by Adults Who Have Criminal Histories
    Section 2Offenses Committed by Juvenile Offenders with Criminal Histories
Chapter 4Comparison with Crime Trends in Other Countries
    Section 1Major Offenses
    Section 2Homicide
    Section 3Larceny
Chapter 5Offenses Committed by and against Japanese Nationals Overseas
    Section 1Overseas Travel and Overseas Residence by Japanese Nationals
    Section 2Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Overseas
    Section 3Offenses Committed against Japanese Nationals Overseas

Part 2Treatment of Offenders

Chapter 1Overview of Treatment
Chapter 2Prosecution
    Section 1Overview
    Section 2Reception of Suspected Cases
    Section 3Arrest and Detention of Suspects
    Section 4Dispositions of Suspected Cases
Chapter 3Trial
    Section 1Overview
    Section 2Judgments
        1Defendants finally judged by trial
        2The first instance
        3Appeals
    Section 3Sentencing
        1Death sentence
        2Imprisonment with labor for life
        3Imprisonment with or without labor for a limited term
        4Fines
        5Suspended sentence
    Section 4Detention and Bail
    Section 5Criminal Compensation
    Section 6State of Trials and Sentencing in Cases Involving Aum Shinrikyo Cult Members
Chapter 4Correction of Adult Offenders
    Section 1Overview
    Section 2Imprisonment in Penal Institutions
        1Trends in the average daily number of inmates, etc.
        2Trends in the number of newly imprisoned offenders
        3Characteristics of newly imprisoned offenders
        4Reimprisonment
    Section 3Treatment of Inmates
        1Basic systems for treatment
        2Prison work
        3Educational activities
        4Medical treatment and hygiene
        5Security
        6Grievance systems
        7Cooperation from the nongovernmental sector
    Section 4Treatment of Inmates Awaiting Trial
    Section 5Treatment in Women's Guidance Homes
Chapter 5Rehabilitation Services
    Section 1Overview
        1Organizations for the rehabilitation services
        2Volunteer probation officers and their organizations
        3Juridical persons for offenders rehabilitation services
        4Nongovernmental support organizations
    Section 2Parole
        1Overview of parole
        2Administration of parole
        3Other measures
    Section 3Probationary Supervision
        1Overview
        2State of probationary supervision
        3Various measures
        4Results of implementation of probationary supervision
    Section 4Assistance during Supervision, Urgent Aftercare of Discharged Offenders, and Halfway Houses
        1Assistance during supervision, urgent aftercare of discharged offenders
        2Halfway houses
    Section 5Amnesties
    Section 6Crime Prevention Activities
Chapter 6International Cooperation in Criminal Justice
    Section 1Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice
        1United Nations
        2Summit meetings of leading countries
        3Other international conferences
    Section 2Transnational Fugitives and Their Extradition
        1Transnational fugitives from Japan
        2Extradition of fugitive offenders
    Section 3International Assistance in Investigation and Judicial Assistance
        1Assistance in investigation, etc.
        2Judicial assistance

Part 3Relief of Crime Victims

Chapter 1Damage Due to Crime as Shown by Statistics
    Section 1Fatal and Bodily Damage
    Section 2Property Damage
    Section 3Damage due to Sexual Offenses
    Section 4Relationship Between Victims and Suspects
Chapter 2Consideration for Victims in Criminal Justice
    Section 1Criminal Proceedings and Victims
        (1)Incident reports and complaints
        (2)Criminal investigation and disposition of cases
        (3)Relief measures against non-prosecution
        (4)Committee for the Inquest of Prosecution
        (5)Formal trial
        (6)Compromise in criminal proceedings
        (7)Protection of safety of victim, etc.
        (8)Information to victims
        (9)System of Advisers to Support Victims
        (10)Spousal Violence Counseling and Support Center
        (11)Juvenile cases
    Section 2Benefit Payment Systems for Crime Victims, Etc.
        1Benefit payment systems for crime victims, etc.
        2Automobile liability insurance systems
        3Law Concerning Compensation for Damage to Witnesses, etc,
Chapter 3International Comparison on Fear of Crime and Crime Prevention Awareness
    Section 1Current Status of Fear of Crime and Crime Prevention Awareness in Japan
        1Overview
        2Survey in Japan
        3Result of survey
    Section 2International Comparison on Fear of Crime and Crime Prevention Awareness
        (1)Current status relating to fear of crime
        (2)Actual situations relating to crime prevention awareness

Part 4Trends in Juvenile Delinquency and Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents

Chapter 1Trends in and Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency
    Section 1Trends in the Number of Cleared Juveniles and Relevant Rates
        1Trends in the number of juveniles cleared
        2Trends by age group and gender
        3Trends by category of offenses
    Section 2Trends in Juvenile Special Law Offenses
        1Trends in the number of juveniles referred by the police
        2Drug-related offenses
        3Traffic offenses
    Section 3Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency
        1Group delinquency
        2Family violence
        3School violence
        4Bullying and delinquency
        5Trends in status offenses
        6Trends in the delinquent rate
Chapter 2Treatment of Delinquents
    Section 1Overview of Treatment
    Section 2Prosecution in Juvenile Cases and Trial
        1Prosecution in juvenile cases
        2Juvenile hearing
        3Criminal trial of juveniles
    Section 3Classification at Juvenile Classification Homes
        1Overview
        2Admission and discharge
        3Classification activities
    Section 4Treatment at Juvenile Training Schools
        1Overview
        2Admission and discharge
        3Characteristics of newly admitted juveniles
        4Treatment in juvenile training schools
    Section 5Treatment of Juvenile Prisoners
        1Overview
        2Trend of imprisonment and characteristics of juvenile prisoners
        3Outline of treatment of juvenile prisoners
    Section 6 Rehabilitation Services for Juveniles
        1Overview
        2Trends in probationary supervision cases
        3Characteristics of Juveniles on probationary supervision
        4Treatment during probationary supervision
        5Various systems
        6Result of probationary supervision

Part 5Special Article: Present Situation and Trend of Offenses of Violent Nature

Chapter 1Introduction
    1Circumstances of crimes and the focus of the special article
    2Characteristics of the 9 types of violent offenses and details of analysis thereof
    3Legislative trend concerning the 9 types of violent offenses and homicide
    4Trend features based on the statistics of the 9 types of violent offenses
    5Composition of Part 5
Chapter 2Trends in Report and Clearance
    Section 1Trends in Number of Reported Cases, Number of Cleared Cases, etc.
        1Overall trends in the number of reported cases, etc.
        2Trends by region
    Section 2Trends by Damage
        1Occurrence of damage resulting in death or bodily injury and the extent thereof
        2Rate of acquaintance with victim
    Section 3Trends by Modes of Committing Offenses
        1Trends of the scene of the offense
        2Trends of the use of weapons
        3Accomplice
        4Trends of robbery by modes of operation
    Section 4Trends by Attributions of Offenders
        1Trends by age group
        2Characteristics of offenses by visiting foreign nationals
        3Trends of offenses by females
        4Characteristics of repeat offenders
        5Trends of offenses by organized crime group members
        6Trends of offenses by persons out of employment
Chapter 3Trends in Disposition by Public Prosecutors Offices and Courts
    Section 1Disposition by Public Prosecutors Offices
    Section 2Disposition by Courts
        1Imprisonment terms for homicide and 9 types of violent offenses
        2Research results for destruction of objects and breaking and entering
Chapter 4Trends in Correction and Rehabilitation
    Section 1Correction
        1Trends in correction of adult offenders
        2Trends in juvenile correction
    Section 2Rehabilitation
        1Trends in parolees and probationers
        2Trends in relationship between juveniles and delinquent groups
Chapter 5Conclusion

APPENDIX

Appendix 1-1 Number of reported and cleared penal code offenses and offenders cleared by the police (1946-2000)
Appendix 1-2 Number of reported and cleared penal code offenses and offenders cleared, by major offenses (1992-2001)
Appendix 1-3 Clearance rate of penal code offenses, by major offenses (1992-2001)
Appendix 1-4 Number of suspects newly received by the public prosecutors offices, by offense (1992-2000)
Appendix 1-5 Number of traffic accidents, number of persons killed or injured , and rate of accidents
Appendix 1-6 Number of persons finally disposed by public prosecutors offices for drug-related offenses (1991-2001)
Appendix 1-7 Term of imprisonment with labor sentenced in ordinary first instances for financial and economic offenses (1997-2001)
Appendix 1-8 Number of cleared cases of penal code offenses committed by foreign nationals and number of offenders cleared (1980-2001)
Appendix 1-9 Number of referred cases and number of persons referred for special law offenses committed by foreign nationals (1980-2001)
Appendix 1-10 Number of foreign nationals finally disposed by public prosecutors offices (1990-2001)
Appendix 1-11 Medical treatment after commission of offense, by offense, of insane persons and quasi-insane persons (2001)
Appendix 1-12 Number of insane persons and quasi-insane persons, by offense and disease (2001)
Appendix 2-1 Number of persons finally disposed by public prosecutors offices, by offense (1992-2001)
Appendix 2-2 Number of offenders newly received by public prosecutors offices, by offense (1992-2001)
Appendix 2-3 Prosecution rate and suspended prosecution rate, by offense (1992-2001)
Appendix 2-4 Number of persons processed by district court, by offense and sentence (2001)
Appendix 2-5 Average number of daily inmates of penal institutions (1950-2001)
Appendix 2-6 Number of newly imprisoned offenders (excluding inmates awaiting trial) and female rate (1946-2001)
Appendix 2-7 Number of newly imprisoned offenders (excluding inmates awaiting trial), by offense (2001)
Appendix 2-8 Number of reimprisoned inmates, by gender and offense (2001)
Appendix 2-9 Frequency of imprisonment of newly imprisoned offenders (excluding inmates awaiting trial), by offense (2001)
Appendix 2-10 Period of time until repeat offense of reimprisoned inmates, by previous offense (2001)
Appendix 2-11 Number of offender imprisoned with labor at the end of the year, by term of imprisonment (as of each year-end in 1957-2001)
Appendix 2-12 Number of parole applications, etc. (1949-2001)
Appendix 2-13 Number of newly received probationers and parolees (1949-2001)
Appendix 4-1 Number of persons cleared for penal code offenses and rate per population by juvenile or adult, and juvenile rate (1946-2001)
Appendix 4-2 Number and rate per population of juveniles cleared for penal code offenses excluding professional negligence in traffic accidents, by age group (1966-2001)
Appendix 4-3 Number of juveniles cleared for penal code offenses excluding professional negligence in traffic accidents, by age group and offense (2001)
Appendix 4-4 Cleared number of juvenile penal code offenders, by major offenses (1946-2001)
Appendix 4-5 Number of juveniles referred for special law offenses, by offense (1956-2001)
Appendix 4-6 Number of status offenders disposed by family court, by type of statures offense (1969-2001)
Appendix 4-7 Number of juveniles newly received by public prosecutors offices, by offense and age group (1997-2001)
Appendix 4-8 Percent distribution of suggestions by public prosecutor and final disposal by family court, by age group (2001)
Appendix 4-9 Final disposal by family court for juvenile cases, by offense (1975, 1985, 1998-2001)
Appendix 4-10 Number of newly admitted persons and average number of daily inmates in juvenile classification home (1949-2001)
Appendix 4-11 Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training school, by gender and treatment programs (1949-2001)
Appendix 4-12 Number of Juveniles Newly Admitted of Juvenile Training School, by Offense (1997-2001)