Juvenile training schools admit persons who are committed by family court under a protective measure and persons who are to serve a sentence at juvenile training schools under the provisions of the Juvenile Law (hereinafter referred to as the "convicted juveniles imprisoned to juvenile training schools"), and provide these juveniles with correctional education. As of April 1, 2002, 52 juvenile training schools as well as 1 branch school had been established nationwide.
  According to age, the level of tendency to commit crime, and the physical and mental conditions of juvenile offenders, schools are classified into the following 4 types:
[1] Primary schools (for juveniles aged 14 or over but generally under 16 without any serious physical or mental disorder):
[2] Middle schools (for juveniles aged generally 16 or over but under 20 without any serious physical or mental disorder):
[3] Advanced schools (for juveniles aged generally 16 or over but under 23 without any serious physical or mental disorder but with a strong tendency to commit crime, and the convicted juveniles admitted to juvenile training schools under 16 can be admitted as well); and
[4] Medical schools (for juveniles aged 14 or over but under 26 with a serious physical or mental disorder). Males and females are detained separately, except in medical schools.
  Out of such schools, primary schools and middle schools are classified into juvenile training schools implementing short-term treatment (general short-term treatment or special short-term treatment) and juvenile training schools implementing long-term treatment.
  The type of school in which a juvenile is to be detained is decided in family court adjudication. Based on such adjudication, the school in which a juvenile is to be detained is designated at the juvenile classification homes. In deciding on commitment to a juvenile training school, a family court may recommend that short-term treatment be provided for the juvenile in question, in addition to the type of juvenile training school. In such case, based on the recommendation, the juvenile training school that will perform short-term treatment is designated.
  The term of detention for persons who have received adjudication regarding commitment to juvenile training school is the time until such persons reach 20 years of age under the regulations, in principle. However, in case that the term from the adjudication regarding commitment to juvenile training school until such persons become 20 years of age does not reach 1 year, detention can be continued within only the 1 year from commitment.
  Short-term treatment is provided for juveniles whose correction and rehabilitation can be expected through continuous and intensive guidance and training for a short period, since the problems of the juveniles are simple and not so serious and fast improvement is likely to be seen in their behavior. Short-term treatment is divided into 2 types: general short-term treatment, continuing for 6 months at most, and special short-term treatment is provided for those who are less inclined to delinquency and has a term of 4 months at most. Long-term treatment is provided for those who are not suitable for short-term treatment. For operational purposes, those who are subject to such treatment are detained in juvenile training schools for 2 years in principle however, the term of detention can be extended to the extent that the Juvenile Training School Law allows.
  There are 3 treatment processes in general short-term treatment, and 5 treatment processes in long-term treatment. The classification system for treatment in juvenile training schools is shown in Fig. 4-2-4-1 .
  Superintendents of juvenile training schools should issue an early discharge request to the relevant Regional Parole Board when they consider that the goal of correction has been attained for a juvenile. Superintendents should issue requests for release on parole to the Board when they consider such measures to be appropriate due to the fact that a juvenile has improved to the highest level of treatment.
  Correctional education is given to the convicted juveniles imprisoned to juvenile training schools, living quarters and classrooms, etc. separately from the juveniles until they reach 16 years of age.

Fig. 4-2-4-1 Classification system for treatment in juvenile training schools