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White paper on crime 2005

-Juvenile Delinquency-

PREFACE

NOTES

Part1Crime Trends in2004

Chapter1Over view of Penal Code Offenses
    Section1Principal Data
        1Reported cases and crime rate
        2Persons cleared
        3Clearance rate
    Section2Trend in Non-traffic Penal Code Offenses Excluding Larceny
        1Homicide
        2Robbery
        3Rape/Indecent assault
        4Fraud/Extortion
        5Counterfeiting of currency
        6Payment Card offense
        7Child abuse
        8Organized crime
    Section3Larceny
        1Burglary theft
        2Non-burglary theft
        3Vehicle theft
    Section4Offenses Related to Newly Established Laws
        1Amendment of the Penal Code,etc.
        2Offenses covered by criminal trial swith participation of saiban-ins
Chapter2Overview of Special Law Offenses
    Section1Principal Data
    Section2Principal Special Law Offenses
        1Violations of the Minor Offenses Law,etc.
        2Violations of the Child Welfare Law,etc.
        3Violations of the Labor Standard Law,etc.
        4Violations of newly established laws
Chapter3Overview of Offenses of Special Types
    Section1Traffic Offenses
        1Traffic accidents
        2Unsafe driving resulting in death or injury and professional negligence in traffic accidents
        3Violations of road traffic related laws
    Section2Drug Offenses
        1.Trend in drug offenses
        2Crack down on drug offenses
    Section3Financial and Economic Offenses
        1Tax evasion
        2Economic offenses
        3Illegal money lending
        4Bankruptcy-related offenses
    Section4Election Offenses
        1Overview
        2Application of the joint responsibility system
    Section5High-Technology Offenses
        1Overview
        2Disposition by public prosecutors and courts
        3Measures against high-technology offenses
    Section6Firearm Offenses
        1Overview
        2Dispositions made by public prosecutors offices and by courts
Chapter4Trends in Offenses by Specific Offenders
    Section1Offenses by Organized Crime Groups
        1Trends in organized crime groups
        2Non-traffic penal code offenses and special law offenses
    Section2Offenses by Foreign Nationals
        1Trend of foreign nationals entering Japan
        2Penal code offenses
        3Special law offenses
    Section3Offenses by Public Officials
        1Overview
        2Giving and acceptance of a bribe
    Section4Female Offenses
        1Penal code offenses
        2Special lawo ffenses
    Section5Offenses by Mentally Disabled Persons
    Section6Offenses Committed by Offenders with Criminal Histories
        1Repeat offenders
        2Previously convicted persons among offenders cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses
        3Previously convicted persons among those prosecuted
        4Criminal histories of persons cleared for violent sexual offenses
Chapter5Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries
    Section1Major Offenses
    Section2Homicide
    Section3Larceny
Chapter6Offenses Committed by and against Japanese Nationals Outside Japan
    Section1Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside Japan
    Section2Crime Victimization of Japanese Nationals Outside Japan

Part2Treatment of Offenders

Chapter1Overview
Chapter2Prosecution
    Section1Public Prosecutors Officeand Public Prosecutors
    Section2Reception of Suspected Cases
    Section3Arrest and Detention of Suspects
    Section4Dispositions of the Public Prosecutors Office
Chapter3Trial
    Section1CourtsandSaiban-inTrials
        1Courts
        2System for participation of saiban-ins in criminal trials
    Section2Judgments
        1Defendants finally judged
        2The first instance
        3Appeals
    Section3Sentencing
        1Death sentence
        2Life imprisonment with labor
        3Imprisonment with or without labor for a limited term
        4Fines
        5Suspension of execution of sentence
    Section4Detention and Bail
    Section5Case Processing Time
    Section6Trials and Sentencing against Aum Shinrikyo Cult Members
Chapter4Correction of Adult Offenders
    Section1Organizations for Correction and Recent Trends
        1Overview of organizations
        2Prison administration reform
        3Law concerning Penal Institutions and Treatment of Sentenced Inmates
        4Provision of information concerning release,etc. of inmates sentenced for violent sexual offenses targeting children
    Section2Imprisonment in Penal Institutions
        1Occupancy rate of capacity of penal institutions
        2Trends in the average daily number of inmates etc.
        3Trend in number of newly admitted inmates
        4Characteristics of newly admitted inmates
        5Reimprisonment after release
    Section3Treatment of Inmates
        1Basic systems
        2Prison work
        3Educational activities
        4Medical care and hygiene etc.
        5Security
        6Grievance systems
        7Cooperation from volunteers outside
    Section4Treatment of Untried Inmates
    Section5Treatmentin Women's Guidance Homes
Chapter5Rehabilitation Services
    Section1Rehabilitation Services and Relevant Organizations
    Section2Parole
        1Basic systems
        2Administration
        3Other related measures
    Section3Probation and Parole Supervision
        1Basic systems
        2Trends in probationers and parolees
        3Characteristics of probationers and parolees
        4Treatment for probationers and parolees
        5Measures during supervision and termination of probationary supervision
    Section4Assistance during Supervision and Urgent Aftercare of Discharged Offenders
        1Assistance during supervision and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders
        2Halfway houses
    Section5Amnesties
    Section6Nongovernmental Support Organizations and Crime Prevention Activities
        1Nongovernmental support organizations
        2Crime prevention activities
Chapter6Treatment of Various Offenders
    Section1Traffic Offenders
        1Disposition by public prosecutors
        2Disposition by courts
        3Correction
        4Rehabilitation
    Section2Drug Offenders
        1Disposition by the public prosecutors office
        2Disposition by courts
        3Correction
        4Rehabilitation
    Section3Offenders related to Organized Crime Groups
        1Disposition by the public prosecutors office
        2Correction
        3Rehabilitation
    Section4Foreign National Offenders
        1Disposition by public prosecutors
        2Disposition by courts
        3Correction
        4Rehabilitation
    Section5Female Offenders
        1Disposition by the public prosecutors office
        2Correction
        3Rehabilitation
    Section6MentalDisorderOffenders
        1Disposition by the public prosecutors officeand courts
        2Correction
        3Rehabilitation
        4Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Insane or Quasi-insane Persons Who Have Caused Serious Injury to Others
Chapter7International Cooperationin Criminal Justice
    Section1Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice
        1UnitedNations
        2Summit meetings ofleading countries
        3Other international conferences
    Section2Transnational Fugitives and Their Extradition
        1Transnational fugitives from Japan
        2Extradition of fugitive offenders
    Section3International Assistance in Investigation and Justice
        1Assistance in investigation etc.
        2Judicial assistance

Part3Relief of Crime Victims

Chapter1Damage by Crime in Official Statistics
    Section1Numberof Offenses Involving Human Victims
    Section2Fataland Bodily Damage
    Section3Property Damage
    Section4Victims of Sexual Offenses
    Section5Relationship between Victims and Suspects
Chapter2Consideration for Victims in Criminal Justice
    Section1Criminal Proceedings and Victims
    Section2Involvement of Victims in Criminal Proceedings
        1Incident reports and complaints
        2Interviewing
        3Relief measures against non-prosecution
        4Protection,etc. of victims in formal trials
        5Protection of safety of victims,etc.
        6System of notification to complainants and victims
        7Inspection of criminal case records
        8Juvenile cases
        9Advisers to Victims
    Section3CompensationforCrimeVictims
        1Crime victim benefits system
        2Automobile liability insurance systems
        3Compensation for damage to witnesses etc.

Part4Special Article:Juvenile Delinquency

Chapter1Introduction
Chapter2Trends of Juvenile Delinquency
    Section1Juvenile Penal Code Offenders
        1Trends in number of juveniles cleared
        2Trends by attribute
        3Trend in type of offense
        4Complicity cases
    Section2Juvenile Special Law Offenders
        1Number of juveniles referred by the police
        2Drug offenses
        3Traffic offenses
    Section3Juveniles of Illegal Behavior under 14 years of age
    Section4Pre-delinquents
    Section5Delinquency at Home and School
        1Juvenile violence in families
        2Violence in schools
        3Bullying
Chapter3Qualitative Analysis of Juvenile Delinquents
    Section1Analysis of Present State of Juvenile Delinquents
        1Changes in attitudes of juvenile delinquents
        2Attitudes of juvenile delinquents and their guardians towards family relationships
    Section2Analysis of Present State concerning More Difficultyin the Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents
        1Awareness of qualitative changes in juvenile delinquents and more difficulty in their treatment
        2Problems in juveniles'attributes and normative consciousness,etc.
        3Problems in juveniles'guardians'ability for leadership and family relationships
    Section3Points for Consideration in the Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents
        1Treatment to cultivate sympathy for other people'spain
        2Treatment taking advantage of a scene in a group
        3Approaches to guardians to promote their voluntary responses
Chapter4Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents
    Section1Overview of Treatment Procedure
        1Flow of treatment procedure for juvenile delinquents
        2Law for Partial Amendment to the Juvenile Law,etc.
    Section2Disposition of Juvenile Casesin Public Prosecutors Offices and Family Courts
        1Disposition in public prosecutors offices
        2Disposition in family courts
        3Criminal trial
        4Operation of Amended Juvenile Law
    Section3Classification at Juvenile Classificati on Homes
        1Outline of juvenile classification homes
        2Admission and discharge
        3Classification activities
        4Classification other than institutional classification
        5Issues for juvenile classification homes and counter measures
    Section4Treatment of Delinquents in Juvenile Training Schools
        1Outline of juvenile training schools
        2Classification Treatment System
        3Number of newly admitted inmates
        4Characteristics of newly admitted inmates
        5Treatment of inmates in juvenile training schools
        6Conditions of inmates who are discharged
        7Issues for the treatment injuvenile training schools and counter measures
    Section5Treatment of Juvenile Inmates
        1Number and characteristics of juvenile inmates
        2Treatment of inmates
    Section6Rehabilitation Services for Juveniles
        1Trends in number of juvenile probationers/parolees
        2Characteristics of juvenile probationers/parolees
        3Reasons for termination of probationary supervision and percentage of re-punishment
        4Current conditions and issues for probationary supervision for juveniles
    Section7Support Facilitiesf or Development of Self-sustaining Capacity
        1Outline of support facilities for development of self-sustaining capacity
        2Changes in number of accommodated juveniles and how they entered facilities
        3Characteristics of accommodated juveniles
        4Contents of support for development of self-sustaining capacity
        5Terms being accommodated in support facilities for development of self-sustaining capacity and reasons for discharge
        6Provision of support for the juvenile who discharged from support facilities for development of self-sustaining capacity
Chapter5Present Situation and Treatmentf or Juveniles who Committed Serious Offenses after Amendment of Juvenile Law
    Section1Present Situation of Serious Juvenile Offenders
        1Attribution of survey object person
        2Analysis by type of offenses
        3Analysis by classification type of offenses
    Section2Court Hearing and Trial for Serious Juvenile Offenders
        1Hearings in family courts
        2Criminal trials
    Section3Attitudes of Serious Juvenile Offenders
        1Attribution of attitude survey object person
        2Awareness of cases and disposition
        3Awareness of responsibilities towards cases
    Section4Treatment for Serious Juvenile Offenders at Correctional Institutions
        1Treatment at juvenile training schools
        2Treatment at prisons
    Section5Probationary Supervision for Serious Juvenile Offenders
        1Attribution of probation office survey object person
        2Environmental adjustment while accommodated in correctional institutions
        3Implementation of probationary supervision
        4Guidance and advice concerning victims
    Section6Conclusion
        1Present situation of serious juvenile offenders
        2Trial for serious juvenile offenders
        3Attitude of serious juvenile offenders
        4Treatment for serious juvenile offenders
Chapter6Juvenile Delinquency in Foreign Countries
    Section1France
        1Trend of juvenile delinquency
        2.Juvenile justice system
        3Operation of juvenile justice
    Section2Germany
        1Trend of juvenile delinquency
        2Juvenile justice system
        3Operation of juvenile justice
    Section3United Kingdom
        1Trend of juvenile delinquency
        2Juvenile justice system
        3Operation of juvenile justice
    Section4United States of America
        1Trend of juvenile delinquency
        2Juvenile justice system
        3Administration of Juvenile Justice
    Section5Comparison with Japan
Chapter7Conclusion

Appendix

Appendix1-1  Number of reported cases,crime rate,number of cleared cases,clearance rate,and number of persons cleared for penal code offenses(1946-2004)
Appendix1-2  Number of reported cases,number of cleared cases,and number of persons cleared for penal code offenses,by type of major offense(1995-2004)
Appendix1-3  Clearance rate of penal code offenses,by type of major offense(1995-2004)
Appendix1-4  Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors offices for special law offenses(1995-2004)
Appendix1-5  Number of traffic accidents,number of persons killed or injured,and rate of accidents(1946-2004)
Appendix1-6  Term of imprisonment with labor sentenced for financial and economic offenses in the court of first instance(2002-2004)
Appendix1-7  Number of cleared cases and persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses committed by foreign nationals(1980-2004)
Appendix1-8  Number of referred cases and number of persons referred for special law offenses committed by foreign nationals(1980-2004)
Appendix1-9  Number of reported cases and crime rate of major offenses in5countries(1980-2003)
Appendix1-10  Number of reported cases and crime rate of homicide and larceny in5countries(1988-2003)
Appendix1-11  Clearance rate of major offenses,homicide and larceny in5countries(1988-2003)
Appendix2-1  Number of persons newly received by public prosecutors offices,by type of offense(1995-2004)
Appendix2-2  Number of persons finally disposed by public prosecutors,by type of offense(1995-2004)
Appendix2-3  Prosecution rate and suspended prosecution rate,by type of offense(1995-2004)
Appendix2-4  Sentences in district courts,by type of offense(2004)
Appendix2-5  Average daily number of inmates of penal institutions(1950-2004)
Appendix2-6  Number of newly imprisoned offenders and female rate(1946-2004)
Appendix2-7  Number of newly imprisoned offenders,by gender and type of offense(2004)
Appendix2-8  Number of reimprisoned inmates,by gender and type of offense(2004)
Appendix2-9  Frequency of imprisonment of newly imprisoned offenders,by type of offense(2004)
Appendix2-10  Period of time until repeat offense by reimprisoned inmates,by type of previous offense(2004)
Appendix2-11  Number of inmates serving sentence of imprisonment with labor at the end of the year,by term of imprisonment(as of December31each year in1957-2004)
Appendix2-12  Numbers of parole applications,grants,and rejections(1949-2004)
Appendix2-13  Number of newly received probationers and parolees(1949-2004)
Appendix2-14  Number of persons finally disposed by public prosecutors for drug offenses(1995-2004)
Appendix2-15  Number of foreign nationals finally disposed by public prosecutors office(1990-2004)
Appendix2-16  Treatment after commission of offense,of insane persons and quasi-insane persons,by type of offense(2004)
Appendix2-17  Number of insane persons and quasi-insane persons,by type of offense and type of disease(2004)
Appendix4-1  Number and rate per population of juveniles and adults cleared for penal code offenses,and juvenile rate(1946-2004)
Appendix4-2  Number and rate per population of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses,and juvenile rate,by age group(1966-2004)
Appendix4-3  Number of juveniles cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses,by age group,type of offense and gender(2004)
Appendix4-4  Number of juveniles cleared for penal code offenses,by major type of offenses(1946-2004)
Appendix4-5  Number of juveniles referred from police to public prosecutors office for special law offenses,by type of offense(1956-2004)
Appendix4-6  Number of juveniles under14cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses,by major delinquency(1946-2004)
Appendix4-7  Number of status offenders finally disposed by family court,by type of status offense(1969-2004)
Appendix4-8  Number of juvenile offenders aged14-19newly received by public prosecutors offices,by type of offense and age group(1999-2004)
Appendix4-9  Percent distribution of opinions by public prosecutors and final disposals by family courts,by age group(2004)
Appendix4-10  Number of juveniles finally disposed by family courts for juvenile cases(1975,1985,2000-2004)
Appendix4-11  Number of newly admitted persons and average daily number of inmates in juvenile classification homes(1949-2004)
Appendix4-12  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools,by gender and treatment programs(1949-2004)
Appendix4-13  Number of juveniles newly admitted to juvenile training schools,by type of delinquency(1998-2004)