Japan has the following organizations for rehabilitation services: National Offenders Rehabilitation Commission, which is established within the Ministry of Justice; 8 Regional Parole Boards, which are established by high court jurisdictions; 50 Probation Offices, which are established by district court jurisdictions. The National Offenders Rehabilitation Commission is a council consisting of a chairperson and 4 members, and has the authority to apply to the Minister of Justice for a pardon of a particular person and to examine and make judgments on decisions made by Regional Parole Boards, in accordance with the provisions of the Offenders Rehabilitation Law and the Administrative Appeal Law. Regional Parole Boards are councils consisting of 3 to 12 board members and have the authority to decide whether a parole should be granted. Probation offices are engaged in probation and parole supervision, urgent aftercare of discharged offenders and crime prevention activities.
  Probation officers are assigned to secretariats of Regional Parole Boards as well as probation offices. They are engaged in work concerning probation and parole, personality examination and other rehabilitation services as well as crime prevention. They have expertise in rehabilitation services such as medicine, psychology, education, and sociology.