1 Enhancement of Economic Sanctions against Corporations
  In the U. S. A. , a Sentencing Guideline for organizations has institutionalized the sentencing of huge amounts of fines against corporations. The amounts of non-penal fines against corporations are also fixed at substantial levels in Germany. In France, the upper limit of fines against corporations is five times as high as that against individuals. In addition, many countries impose substantial economic sanctions by linking the upper limit of financial sanctions with the amount of illicit gains.
2Reduction and Exemption of Sanctions for Cooperation in Prevention or Clearance  of Criminal Cases
  In the U. S. A. , the existence of a Compliance Program may provide a reason for the reduction of sentences. In the U. S. A. and Germany, cooperation in criminal investigation and exemption are effectively linked in the implementation of anti-monopoly laws. Moreover, the U. K. and South Korea have legal provisions stipulating that the provision of information may provide a reason for the reduction or exemption of sanctions for violators of the anti-monopoly law.
3 Organizational and Institutional Measures in Addition to Punishment of Offenders
  Serious Fraud Office was established in the U. K. to conduct criminal investigation and prosecution consecutively on serious and complicated economic offenses, in collaboration with external experts. In South Korea, a Mandatory System of Financial Transactions in Real Names was created to eliminate accounts under false names through financial sanctions linked to taxation schemes.