The degree of international cooperation to provide an appropriate response to international narcotics trafficking, terrorism, or organized crime by international crime organizations is inadequate. Thus, in the United Nations, G8 Summit Meetings, and elsewhere, efforts aimed at strengthening international cooperation are now being mapped out.
  Meanwhile, viewing the recent circumstances of crime in Japan, a phenomenon of globalization is evident both in terms of crime itself(for example, the crime scene being in a foreign country or involving more than one country)and of the perpetrators of crimes(for example, the increase in crimes committed by foreigners in Japan). This globalization of crime and offenders, as well as causing an increase in escapes across national borders, also has an effect on criminal procedures. Cases in which international cooperation is sought in the areas of investigation and trial have occurred with notable frequency in recent years, such as in the gathering of evidence from other countries, or the detention and extradition of escaped criminals. To address this, cooperative relationships with other countries are now evolving.
  This Chapter gives an overview of trends in international efforts in the area of criminal justice, data on transnational fugitives, and the current state of international cooperation in criminal procedures, etc.